Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease we have been struggling with as a nation for years now.
According to the latest WHO data, South Africa has seen a significant decrease in TB cases. In 2022, there were 280,000 reported instances, a sharp decline from the 552,000 cases in 2015. This is reflected in the incidence rate per 100,000 people as well, which has halved from 988 in 2015 to 468 in 2022.
On paper, our battle against TB would seem to be going well but it could always be better. Medical treatment is of course essential but eating right is also a big part of the journey to dealing with TB.
There are six nutritional groups TB patients should be particularly focused on consuming.
1. Protein-rich foods- When undergoing TB treatment, the body's demand for protein rises to aid the process of tissue repair and immune system functionality. Your diet should have protein-rich foods in it like meats, eggs, dairy, poultry, fish, eggs nuts and legumes. Protein also aids in boosting energy levels which can be depleted by the treatment.
2. Fruits and vegetables- Fruits and vegetables are of course rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fibre. All these nutrients are pivotal in boosting and supporting the immune system and aiding recovery. Berries, citrus fruits, leafy greens carrots and vegetables and things like bell peppers can help in reducing inflammation.
3. Whole grains- Brown rice, quinoa, oats, barley, and whole wheat bread can aid in providing a constant supply of complex carbohydrates, fibre, vitamins, and minerals. This assists with stabilising blood sugar levels and facilitates a healthy digestive system as well as a boost in energy levels.
4. Healthy fats-healthy fats from things like avocados, olive oil, nuts, seeds, and fatty fish like salmon into the diet promotes crucial fatty acids like omega 3 which have anti-inflammatory properties and can also help support the immune system. These can also help with your appetite which tends to be depleted when undergoing TB treatment.
5. Dairy or fortified alternatives- Dairy and fortified plant-based food are brilliant sources of Calcium and Vitamin D. Milk, yogurt, and cheese, can assist with bone health and immune function.
6. Fluids and Hydration-Staying hydrated is paramount to immune functionality and can also help with digestive functions. Staying hydrated is important for anyone suffering from fevers, night sweats or gastrointestinal issues as a result of TB treatment. Drinking lots of water, herbal teas, broth-based soups, and electrolyte-rich beverages are all good things to focus on consuming if you have TB.
Omy Naidoo, a dietician in private practice for 14 years now reaches out to Drum to break down some of the more crucial nutrients and foods a person with TB should consider.
For the body to successfully overcome TB one's immune system needs to be in good working order. The foods recommended help to enhance the body's immune system thereby fighting the TB infection.
“TB is also something that is considered catabolic, meaning it requires more energy, and this can be derived from high energy high protein food sources in the diet. These foods can also prevent malnutrition and unintentional loss of muscle mass which can be seen in patients with TB,” the expert from Pietermaritzburg explains.
He says that in 2022 it is estimated that 54 200 people died from TB in South Africa, and around 280 000 people fell ill with the disease.
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“SA is working towards a good pace of reducing TB infections and deaths related to TB.”
Omy believes further steps can be taken to curb the spread of TB.
“Patients need to complete medication course as per doctor instructions—good ventilation at home. Natural sunlight is encouraged i.e. open windows and curtains. Cover the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing and Prophylactic medication for those in the household.”
Political parties are all over the media making promises in preparation for the elections and when it comes to TB, they will need to continue to come to the party and maybe even intensify their efforts.
“I think the government is already playing a significant role with awareness and testing campaigns running as well as preventative programs,” Omy intimates.
As much as there are foods and nutrients TB patients should look to consume, Omy also recommends a few things one should stay away from.
“Avoid alcohol, sugary foods, and processed foods as these weaken the immune system,” the UKZN alumni warns.
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Medical health is a big part of treating TB, “Accessing health care in either public or private centers, to get primary health care. Also, ask your doctors to refer you to a registered dietician as malnutrition in TB can occur. This is seen with weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.”
Omy imparts a few words of encouragement to anyone who might be struggling with their recovery.
“TB is completely treatable but requires a team approach, which includes your doctor, physiotherapist, dietician, nurses and so many more. Don’t feel you need to walk the journey alone, we as healthcare providers are here to walk the journey with you.
"Also, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization website have great information on TB management."
